Instrumented Mouthguard:  Concussion following headers in soccer?  

Background: It is often discussed whether heading the ball in soccer can cause neurodegenerative diseases. Using an instrumented mouthguard, various kinematic parameters of the head after headers were measured.

Main Results:

1) Heading the ball in soccer almost exclusively causes sub-concussive impacts

HOWEVER:

2)  Some of this data resembles brain injury metrics from American football.

3) Further research is needed to better understand the potential long-term effects.

Full Text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10940496/pdf/10439_2023_Article_3430.pdf